Immunosuppressive Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Medicine

Adusumilli Pramod Kumar ¹, Jeesa George ¹

¹ Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Gnanagangothri Campus, Bangalore-560054, India.

Abstract

Immunosuppressive drugs are substances that suppress or reduce the strength of the body's immune system. They are often used to manage conditions where an overactive immune response leads to tissue damage or disease progression. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have garnered significant attention in research due to their multifaceted immunological properties, presenting them as potential therapeutic candidates for a range of disorders, including autoimmune diseases and tumors. Initially recognized for their ability to suppress T lymphocytes, recent studies have highlighted MSCs' impact on various immune cell types, T cells, B cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, and neutrophils, underscoring their complex role in immune regulation and tolerance development. MSCs primarily suppress the immune system by inhibiting T cell proliferation through the release of substances such as TGF-β, HGF, PGE2, IL-10, HLA-G5, and IDO, promoting the generation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) that further dampen immune reactions. Furthermore, MSCs influence the function of DCs by impeding their development and maturation processes, while also enhancing the production of inflammatory molecules like IL-10. Similarly, MSCs hinder the proliferation of B cells and their antibody production, particularly in inflammatory contexts. Thus, immunosuppressive potential of MSCs holds significant promise for therapeutic applications.

Keywords: Immunosuppression, MSC, Medicine, Immunomodulation, Immune cells. 

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 Publication

Article ID: A0601026 RA Preprint 

Received: 22/05/2024

Accepted: 10/06/2024

Published: 15/06/2024

DOI: 10.64307/allbiosolutionA0601026

Citations

Adusumilli Pramod Kumar et al.Immunosuppressive Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Medicine. Journal of Allbiosolution, 2024, 6(1):261-273

A. Pramod Kumar  et al. Immunosuppressive Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Medicine. Allbiosolution, 2024, 6(1):261-273

 

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Disadvantages of iPS Technology

Girish K. Srivastava

¹ IOBA, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.

Editorial

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are a type of stem cell generated by reprogramming adult cells, typically skin cells, through the introduction of specific genes called "reprogramming factors." Among the necessary factors, a combination of four transcription factors (TF) known as OSKM is commonly used. OSKM stands for four-octamer binding protein 34 (OCT3/4), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2), Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and cellular myelocytomatosis (MYC). These factors, when introduced into host cells, initiate the reprogramming process. Researchers have proposed more than 30 different combinations of these transcription factors for reprogramming, but only a few combinations have been proven effective for reprogramming somatic cells in both humans and mice. This underscores the complexity and specificity of the reprogramming process, as not all combinations yield successful results. Nevertheless, this reprogramming process allows the cells to revert to a pluripotent state. The factors are usually introduced using nonintegrative or integrative non viral or viral vectors, resetting the gene expression patterns of the adult cells and effectively transforming them into pluripotent stem cells. Pluripotent cells, similar to embryonic stem cells, have the ability to differentiate into various cell types in the body, such as neurons, heart cells, liver cells, and more. Nevertheless, there are some notable drawbacks of iPS technology.

Keywords

iPSC, iPS technology device

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World Health Organization (online) (assessed Nov. 08, 2022). Available from https://www.who.int/health-topics/medical-devices#tab=tab_1

Publication

Article ID: A0401020   RA

Received: 01/12/2022

Accepted: 07/12/2022

Published: 31/12/2022

DOI: 10.64307/allbiosolutionA0401020

Citation

Srivastava GK. Disadvantages of iPS Technology. Journal of AllBioSolution. 2022;4(1):201–203. doi:10.64307/allbiosolutionA0401020

A Systematic Review on Research Documentation of Ocular Medical Device Focused on Perfluorocarbon Liquid (PFCL)

V.  Kalaiselvan¹, Shatrunajay Shukla¹, Nikita Mishra¹, Shubhang Arora², Yash Kumar Vimal³, Rajeev Singh Raghuvanshi¹

¹ Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, Ghaziabad, India.

² Yashoda Super Specialty Hospital, Ghaziabad, India.

³ Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR) University, DPSRU, New Delhi, India.

Abstract

Medical devices are using worldwide and has a good annual consumption on ocular medical devices. Medical devices are being used in healthcare domain for diagnosis, monitoring, prevention and treatment of an array of diseases. The use of medical devices benefits the patients immensely, but they also carry significant risk potential. Recently, countries like- Spain, Holland, France, Italy, Middle East, Switzerland and Chile have reported several cases of acute retinal toxicity due to perfluorocarbon liquids (PFCL), especially perfluoro-octane (PFO). These reported cases cause a panic situation among healthcare practitioners such as doctors, nurses, technicians, biomedical engineers and medical device stakeholders. So, regulation & scientific publications of these medical devices across globe are the need of an hour. Method: Global regulation on PFCL were thoroughly studied and analysed. The web of science-based search was performed on scientific publications available worldwide. Conclusion: This paper reviews the global regulation & scientific publications on PFCL and provides an idea about the need of further improvement.

Keywords: Medical device, regulation, PFCL toxicity, adverse event. 

References:

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Publication

Article ID: A0501021 RA Preprint SF

Received: 28/05/2022 

Accepted: 15/11/2022

Published: 01/01/2023

DOI: 10.64307/allbiosolutionA0501021

The need for the MDR (Medical Device Regulation)

J. Carlos Pastor MD, PhD

Emeritus Professor of Ophthalmology

University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain

Editorial

It is obvious that the new regulation, Regulation (EU) 2017/745 named Medical Device Regulation or simply MDR (1) of the European Commission, represents a serious problem for many companies manufacturing medical devices that will have to adapt their productive systems, and especially their safety control, monitoring follow-up and notification of possible adverse effects in a very different manner.

The MDR is going to involve a series of very important changes, with the ultimate goal of ensuring that when a product with the CE marking is used, patients and doctors can have sufficient guarantees that the product is safe.

I do not know what has happened in other fields of medicine, but in the specific aspect of medical devices used in intraocular surgery, the behavior of many companies in recent years has been a complete scandal, producing hundreds, probably thousands of blind people worldwide and creating a terrible feeling of insecurity into the eye surgeons.

References 

1.- https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2017/745/2017-05-05 : last visit January 11/2022

2.- Lenzer J; ICIJ reporters. Medical device industry: international investigation exposes lax regulation. BMJ. 2018 Nov 25;363:k4997. doi: 10.1136/bmj.k4997. PMID: 30473543.

3.-  Pastor JC The Safety of Medical Devices Used During Intraocular Surgery. Ophthalmic Review. 2021;13(2):73–5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17925/USOR.2020.13.2.73

4.- Cibis PA, Becker B, Okun E, Canaan S. The use of liquid silicone in retinal detachment surgery. Arch Ophthalmol. 1962 Nov;68:590-9. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1962.00960030594005. PMID: 14021325.

5.- Pastor JC, Del Nozal MJ, Marinero P, Díez O. [Cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol, and retinoid concentrations in silicone oil used as a vitreous substitute]. Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol. 2006 Jan;81(1):13-9. Spanish. doi: 10.4321/s0365-66912006000100005. PMID: 16450256.

6.- Valentín-Bravo FJ, García-Onrubia L, Andrés-Iglesias C, Valentín-Bravo E, Martín-Vallejo J, Pastor JC, Usategui-Martín R, Pastor-Idoate S. Complications associated with the use of silicone oil in vitreoretinal surgery: A systemic review and meta-analysis. Acta Ophthalmol. 2021 Nov 29. doi: 10.1111/aos.15055. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34846097.

7.- Dresp JH. Benchmarking different brands of perfluorocarbon liquids. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021 Jan;259(1):21-27. doi: 10.1007/s00417-020-04964-6. Epub 2020 Nov 27. PMID: 33245429.

Publication

Article ID: A0301015    RA  Preprint

Received: 31/12/2021  

Accepted: 31/12/2021

Published: 31/12/2021

DOI: 10.64307/allbiosolutionA0301015

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